Passias PG, Poorman GW, Segreto FA, Jalai CM, Horn SR, Bortz CA, Vasquez-Montes D, Diebo BG, Vira S, Bono OJ, De La Garza-Ramos R, Moon JY, Wang C, Hirsch BP, Zhou PL, Gerling M, Koller H, Lafage V. (2012) Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine. The epidemiology of traumatic cervical spine fractures: a prospective population study from Norway. Fredø HL, Rizvi SA, Lied B, Rønning P, Helseth E. Spectrum of imaging findings in hyperextension injuries of the neck. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon Imaging evaluation of adult spinal injuries: emphasis on multidetector CT in cervical spine trauma. atlantooccipital dislocations (shearing).anterior subluxation (hyperflexion sprain).The four major mechanisms are flexion, extension, rotational and shearing, each associated with certain fracture patterns 3,4: These include more horizontal orientation of the facet joints in children, underdeveloped uncovertebral joints, mild physiological anterior wedging of the vertebral bodies, and incomplete ossification of the odontoid process. The fulcrum of movement is different in children than adults, C2/3 compared to C5/6, respectively hence, in children, cervical fractures are more common in upper vertebrae. There are also other anatomical differences of the cervical spine between children and adults which are worth bearing in mind while interpreting pediatric studies. more than one vertebral column involvement ref required.increased or reduced intervertebral disc space height.There are many types of cervical spine fracture, some of which are unstable general indicators of instability include 9: C2 (~30%) and C7 (~20%) are the most commonly fractured levels 7. The cervical spine is susceptible to injury because it is highly mobile with relatively small vertebral bodies and supports the head which is both heavy and acts as a lever. blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) especially in high cervical fractures, those associated with subluxation and fractures involving the transverse foramen.AssociationsĪssociated injuries are present in ~67% of patients 7: Falls, motor vehicle collisions, pedestrian accidents, cycling and diving are common causes of injury 6,7. Males are affected more commonly than females with a median age of injury of 56 years. Cervical spine fractures can occur secondary to exaggerated flexion or extension, or because of direct trauma or axial loading.
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